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• Scientists at Auburn University injected alligator DNA into farm-raised catfish. 
• The scientists found that the fish were more resistant to disease and less likely to reproduce. 
• They hope the new and less disease-prone catfish will one day be sold for human consumption.

Life finds a way: Geneticists have created disease-resistant catfish using alligator DNA — and they may one day become a part of our diet.

A group of scientists at Auburn University published a paper in January detailing their efforts to genetically modify catfish with the cathelicidin gene of an alligator.

Cathelicidin, found in the intestines, is an antimicrobial peptide responsible for helping organisms fight diseases.

The gene, which was added using CRISPR, heightened disease resistance among the catfish in comparison to wild catfish. Researchers noted that the survival rates of the catfish were “two- and five-fold higher” in an interview with MIT Technology Review.

Because researchers added the cathelicidin to a gene for a reproductive hormone, it also reduced the catfish’s ability to reproduce, which they said was important to prevent genetic contamination of the hybrid fish with wild catfish. 

The authors noted some uncertainties in using CRISPR technology — primarily used and studied in mammals— on fish. The paper has not yet been peer-reviewed.

However, researchers hope that the alligator and catfish gene-editing can be used in tandem with other catfish breeding techniques to help farmers with their catfish yields.

In 2021, an estimated 307 million pounds of live catfish were produced in the US, primarily in the south. Catfish make up over 50% of US demand for farm-raised fish. 

The process of farming them is resource-intensive. Diseases spread among catfish due to lack of space on the farms where they’re raised. Around 45% of catfish fingerlings die as a result of infectious diseases. Fish in general are also becoming less resistant to antibiotics.

Although consumers may be uncomfortable with the idea of their catfish sharing DNA with an alligator, Rex Dunham and Baofeng Su, two of the lead researchers of the study, told MTR that the hybrid meat would be perfectly safe. 

“I would eat it in a heartbeat,” Dunham told MTR.

Associated Press

• NATO leaders have been worried by the heavy casualties and massive ammunition usage in Ukraine.
• “The scale of this war is out of proportion with all of our recent thinking,” NATO’s top general said in January.

The heavy casualties and massive ammunition consumption seen during the war in Ukraine has top NATO commanders worried.

NATO was created in 1949 to stop a massive Soviet invasion of Western Europe, and it has added new members since the end of the Cold War, but many of its militaries shrank in the decades after the Soviet threat disappeared. Now the scale and intensity of the fighting in Ukraine has raised questions about the alliance’s ability to fight a big-unit war against Russia.

“Scale, scale, scale,” US Army Gen. Christopher Cavoli, NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Europe, told a Swedish defense conference in January. “The magnitude of this war is incredible. The Ukrainians have 37 frontline brigades, plus dozens more territorial brigades. The Russians have lost almost 2,000 tanks. If we average out since the beginning of the war, the slow days and fast days, the Russians have expended on average well over 20,000 artillery rounds per day.”

“The scale of this war is out of proportion with all of our recent thinking,” said Cavoli, who is also head of US European Command. “But it is real and we must contend with it.”

A Ukrainian artillery unit fires toward Russian positions on the outskirts of Bakhmut on December 30, 2022.

SAMEER AL-DOUMY/AFP via Getty Images

One lesson is the importance of an adequate defense industrial base capable of providing the necessary equipment and supplies to satisfy the voracious appetite of large-scale, high-intensity warfare. The US, Russia, and Europe are already scrambling to ramp up production of artillery shells after letting their munitions stockpiles and factories run down after the Cold War.

“Production capacity remains vital, absolutely vital,” Cavoli said. “A healthy and elastic defense industrial base is just as important” as the number of troops.

Cavoli also took aim at the belief — until recently touted by Germany and other countries — that soft power has become a substitute for military power.

“Hard power is a reality,” Cavoli said, adding that diplomacy, cyber-warfare, and economic strength are important, “but the great irreducible feature of warfare is hard power, and we have to be good at it.”

“If the other guy shows up with a tank, you better have a tank,” Cavoli said.

Interestingly, Cavoli pointed to Ukraine’s surprising battlefield successes as evidence that “precision can beat mass.” But there’s a catch: It takes time for quality to beat quantity, and “that time is usually bought with space. To use this method, we need space to trade for time. Not all of us have that, and we have to compensate for this in our thinking, our planning.”

For Russia’s smaller neighbors that lack strategic depth — such as the Baltic States — that’s an admission that NATO may not have time to come to their rescue should Russia invade.

Polish soldiers at the end of an exercise with US and British troops in eastern Poland in September 2022.

Artur Widak/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

As for NATO, the alliance never did fight the war it dreaded against the Soviet Union. But after the Cold War ended, the NATO did engage in several military operations.

NATO aircraft conducted bombing operations in Serbia in 1999 and Libya in 2011. The alliance also sent troops on peacekeeping missions in Bosnia and Kosovo and to fought alongside US forces in Afghanistan.

But these were small operations involving limited numbers of troops, aircraft, and munitions. Even then, it became clear that NATO — which has expanded from 12 founding members to 30 members today — was dependent on US support. In Libya, for example, NATO air forces ran short of precision-guided bombs after the first month.

That Moscow is buying artillery shells from North Korea suggests that Russia’s military is no shape to fight NATO and Ukraine. However, NATO’s frantic attempts to scrounge up weapons and ammunition for Ukraine shows the alliance doesn’t have much depth to its arsenals.

The US is probably the best prepared for a long war, and even then, America’s defense industry will need years to ramp up production of artillery shells. Big war is something that no one wants, but Ukraine is a reminder that it is a possibility that cannot be ignored.

Michael Peck is a defense writer whose work has appeared in Forbes, Defense News, Foreign Policy magazine, and other publications. He holds a master’s in political science. Follow him on Twitter and LinkedIn.

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• OpenAI’s CTO shared her thoughts on ChatGPT’s place in education in an interview with Time magazine.
• Murati said she believes generative text can offer a “personalized education” to its users.
• Several school systems and universities have banned ChatGPT for fear of academic dishonesty, reports say.

As schools across the globe express growing concern about the rise of artificial intelligence bots, a ChatGPT executive says the technology can be useful in the classroom.

In an interview with Time magazine, Mira Murati — chief technology officer at OpenAI, the company behind the buzzy AI chatbot ChatGPT — said schools shouldn’t rush to ban the technology on their campuses due to concerns over cheating. Instead, Murati said ChatGPT “has the potential to really revolutionize the way we learn,” particularly in settings where not everyone has the same learning preferences or abilities. 

“With tools like ChatGPT, you can endlessly converse with a model to understand a concept in a way that is catered to your level of understanding,” Murati told Time. “It has immense potential to help us with personalized education.” 

So far, public school systems in New York City, Los Angeles, Seattle, and more have banned use of the bot due to concerns over plagiarism and cheating. 

Still, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman echoed Murati, stating he also believes ChatGPT has a place in schools and considers it a more engaging way to learn. In an interview with StrictlyVC, Altman likened the use of generative text to a calculator and encouraged schools to adapt to its existence.

“I have used it to learn things myself and found it much more compelling than other ways I’ve learned things in the past,” Altman told StrictlyVC. “I would much rather have ChatGPT teach me about something than go read a textbook.”

However, Altman asserts it’ll be nearly impossible to detect AI plagiarism 100% of the time, and Murati said she isn’t surprised that academic honesty has threatened schools as ChatGPT grows in its popularity and capability.

“When you open it up to as many people as possible with different backgrounds and domain expertise, you’ll definitely get surprised by the kinds of things that they do with the technology, both on the positive front and on the negative front,” Murati said.

Despite many schools placing limitations on AI use, there are educators who agree with Murati and Altman and use generative AI as part of their lesson plans. A digital-media lecturer at the University of Leeds, for example, told Insider she’s used AI in her classroom since 2018.

“We’re getting our students to critically think about these tools,” lecturer Leah Henrickson said. 

She continued: “As long as we’re focusing on education as outputs, the GPTs and AI will be a threat, but it can’t replace the process of problem-solving, which is the real way to learn.”

Tayfun Coskun/Getty Images

• Innisfree M&A claims it was hired to facilitate communications between Twitter and shareholders last year.
• After Musk’s acquisition was finalized, Innisfree sent Twitter an invoice for $1.9 million, which was “processed” a month later.
• The suit claims Twitter has not responded to Innisfree’s invoice and letters since December.

A lawsuit filed Friday in New York State Supreme Court by Innisfree M&A Inc. alleges that Twitter never paid the advising firm over $1.9 million for services the company performed during the sale of Twitter to Elon Musk last year.

In the suit, Innisfree alleges that it was hired last May to help facilitate communications to shareholders about the September meeting in which they would vote on Musk’s potential purchase of the social media giant.

After the vote to finalize Musk’s purchase was complete, Innisfree’s work was done and a few weeks later an invoice was sent to Twitter for $1,902,788, according to the New York Times. Innisfree alleges that it submitted the invoice in September, and was informed in October that it had been “successfully processed,” though the firm had still not received payment.

After following up twice in December because no payments had been made, Innisfree said that Twitter has not contacted the firm since, leading it to file suit over the alleged breach in their agreement, according to the Wall Street Journal.

The lawsuit is the latest in a string of recent legal and regulatory challenges filed against Twitter, including accusations of unpaid rent, and another unpaid bill from a private jet company, among others.

The landlord of Twitter’s San Francisco office claimed in a suit filed last month that the company failed to pay rent in December and January, and therefore owed several million dollars. Another San Francisco landlord sued over about $130,000 in unpaid rent in early January, and a real estate company belonging to King Charles III also sued Twitter over unpaid rent at a London office.

Another $2 million in consulting fees is the subject of a lawsuit filed last month by Charles River Associates. It alleges that the company provided various services advising Twitter when it was still suing Musk to force through the acquisition after the billionaire tried to renege. The suit was dropped when the sale went through late last year, but Charles River Associates said in its suit that it was never paid.

Insider previously has reported that Musk’s drastic cost cutting measures — including layoffs and the halting of rent payments — were designed to free up money to begin paying interest on the $13 billion in debt he took on to complete the acquisition.

A request for comment from Twitter was unanswered Sunday afternoon.

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• SBF’s personal psychiatrist was on staff at FTX, according to the Wall Street Journal. 
• Dr. George Lerner was hired to engage with employees as a “coach,” not a medical professional, the Journal reported. 
• One former employee blasted the doctor in a Twitter thread last December. 

Employees at FTX had access to Sam Bankman-Fried’s personal psychologist, who offered them advice and counseling in “coaching” sessions, according to a new report from the Wall Street Journal. 

Dr. George Lerner was hired to FTX in early 2022, according to the Journal, after serving as a psychologist for Bankman-Fried and other tech moguls in San Francisco. 

Employees at the Bahamas-based crypto exchange which imploded last year engaged with Lerner not as a medical professional, but as a coach, according to the Journal. In an email, Lerner told the Wall Street Journal he focused on creating a sustainable work environment while at the company.

“They were amazing people — driven, brilliant, wanting to make a positive impact on the world,” Lerner told the Journal. “Conflict resolution was the toughest as most of my work has historically been with individuals.” 

While some employees welcomed Lerner into the fray at FTX, others told the Journal he made it clear he could offer employees drugs like Adderall or Xanax. Some employees said they held back information in coaching sessions with Lerner, because they worried he was too close to Bankman-Fried, the Journal reported. 

Lerner also counseled some employees who were deemed at risk of suicide, according to the Journal, and made an effort to help employees go on dates. 

“I was very concerned that people’s happiness would be reduced by lack of dating opportunities outside of a big city or that they would feel compelled to leave the company due to this,” he told the Journal. 

In a December Twitter thread referenced by the Journal, former FTX employee Dani Cloud detailed several encounters with Lerner, and accused him of being a means for employees at the company to obtain drugs. 

“In true FTX tradition, the shrink’s experience consists of befriending the Bankman-Fried household a decade prior and the ability to be a bridge between affluent kids and their insatiable amphetamine dependency,” she wrote. 

—Dani Cloud (@daniiicloud) December 14, 2022

Following the collapse of FTX and amid charges of fraud against Bankman-Fried, Lerner told the Journal he’s now focusing on rebuilding his private practice. While Lerner’s communications with Bankman-Fried have been supeonaed, he has not been accused of wrongdoing, per the Journal. 

The U.S. military said on Sunday it is searching for remnants of the suspected Chinese surveillance balloon it shot down the previous day, in a dramatic spy saga that has further strained American-Chinese relations.

The U.S. Navy is working to recover the balloon and its payload and the Coast Guard is providing security for the operation, said General Glen VanHerck, commander of the North American Aerospace Defense Command and U.S. Northern Command.

A successful recovery could potentially give the United States insight into China’s spying capabilities, though U.S. officials have downplayed the balloon’s impact on national security.

A U.S. Air Force fighter jet on Saturday shot down the balloon off the coast of South Carolina, a week after it first entered U.S. airspace near Alaska. VanHerck said the incident took place over U.S. territorial waters.

China protested the response as an “obvious overreaction”, but analysts said that any counter-move by Beijing will likely be finely calibrated to keep from worsening ties.

Republican lawmakers on Sunday criticized President Joe Biden for waiting days to shoot down the balloon as it floated over the United States, accusing him of showing weakness toward China and initially trying to keep the breach of U.S. airspace undisclosed.

“I think part of it is the president’s reluctance to take any action that would be viewed as provocative or confrontational towards the Chinese communists,” said Republican Tom Cotton, a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee.

Former President Donald Trump and his former national intelligence director, John Ratcliffe, denied Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin’s assessment that similar balloons had transited the United States during his presidency.

“China had too much respect for ‘TRUMP’ for this to have happened, and it NEVER did,” Trump wrote on social media site Truth Social.

But Republican Representative Michael Waltz backed up Austin, telling the Washington Post that the Pentagon had notified Congress that Chinese balloons were spotted near the United States several times during Trump’s tenure.

He said balloons had been spotted near Texas and twice near Florida, as well as previously known sightings near Hawaii and Guam.

Democrats said Biden’s decision to wait to shoot down the balloon until it had passed over the United States protected civilians from debris crashing to Earth.

“The president called for this to be dealt with in a way that balanced all of the different risks. That’s exactly what happened,” U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said on CNN’s “State of the Union” program.

Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer dismissed the Republican criticism as “premature and political.”

“The bottom line here is that shooting down the balloon over water wasn’t just the safest option, but it was the one that maximized our intel gain,” he said at a news conference.

The Pentagon will brief senators on the balloon and Chinese surveillance on Feb. 15, Schumer said.

Republican Mike Turner, chairman of the House of Representatives Intelligence Committee, said he believed China was using the balloon to figure out how to counter U.S. nuclear weapons and missile defense systems.

“The president has allowed this to go across our most sensitive sites and wasn’t even going to tell the American public,” Turner said on NBC’s “Meet the Press” program.

Republican Marco Rubio, vice chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, told the ABC News program “This Week” that China was trying to send a message that it could enter U.S. airspace. Rubio said he doubted that the balloon’s debris would be of much intelligence value.

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Jim Jordan strikes again. He obviously doesn’t care that everyone sees him as a foolish clown. Slate magazine refers to him as “a classic demagogue,” which is defined as: “A political leader who seeks support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument.” Yep. That’s Jordan in a proverbial nutshell. Slate reported that Jordan opened the House Judiciary Committee hearing by promising to go after the Biden Administration. “We won’t stop until we get to the truth to fix the problem for the American people.” Please. Jordan could care less about the American people; he’s merely drunk on his own power. As Slate wrote, all he succeeded in doing was revealing his unfitness to lead this committee-any committee-but especially this one.

Jordan’s first hearing addressed the alleged “border crisis.” He focused on MAGA disinformation not truth. This is no leader; this is a fool. He refuses to acknowledge the truth and instead argues his points that are no points at all. It is merely what he (erroneously) believes and panders to a small group of Americans who thrive on hate and prejudice. He has no business leading anything, let alone a committee that is supposed to seek the truth.

As Slate reported, Jordan opened the hearing with the standard white nationalist argument that President Biden is purposely allowing undocumented immigrants into the country to take over, which he calls “the Biden administration’s plan.” Jim Jordan was born in the wrong era; he would have been a powerful leader in the Jim Crow south, where fear of others drove everything. It is unfortunate that people exist who still believe this nonsense and manage to find “leaders” who capitalize on those fears. Jordan has no positive ideas that benefit the majority of Americans, and he is okay with that. If he has his fear-mongering voters, he’s good.

Jordan will handle his duties in this untruthful, unprofessional manner. Anything to get votes. As Slate pointed out, Jordan consistently shows contempt for any type of Congressional oversight “unless he wants to abuse it for partisan purposes.” Unfortunately, people who vote for this idiot can’t see how he changes things to fit his agenda. That alone should show them that he cares nothing about them and what they want from a congressman, yet they keep voting him in. As Forrest Gump once said: “Stupid is as stupid does,” and nothing can be more stupid than continuing to vote someone into office who has no one’s interests in mind save his own.

It is ironic that Jordan is chairing the House Judiciary Committee and the new “weaponization” subcommittee. Jordan’s history of coverups and lies is nothing new. Jordan was directly involved in the Ohio State University scandal surrounding sexual abuse of student athletes. The man is despicable. He has a lot of nerve investigating anyone until he admits to his own wrongdoings. This is what a court of law calls “unclean hands,” and no one’s hands are dirtier than Jim Jordan’s.

The post Jim Jordan just found a whole new way to make a fool of himself appeared first on Palmer Report.

China may respond to the U.S. shooting down its suspected spy balloon after warning of “serious repercussions”, but analysts say any move will likely be finely calibrated to keep from worsening ties that both sides have been seeking to repair.

Regional analysts and diplomats are closely watching China’s response after a U.S. fighter jet shot down the balloon – which Beijing says was an errant weather-monitoring craft – in the Atlantic off South Carolina on Saturday.

China on Sunday condemned the attack as an “over-reaction”, saying it reserved the right to use the necessary means to deal with “similar situations”, without elaborating.

Some analysts said they will be scrutinising the seas and skies of East Asia for signs of tension, given growing deployments of ships and aircraft from China and from the United States and its allies.

But while bilateral tension has risen in the past few days over the balloon incident, Beijing and Washington have been seeking to improve ties.

The discovery of the balloon in the upper atmosphere above North America prompted the United States to postpone a visit to Beijing this week by Secretary of State Antony Blinken. That trip had resulted from a November summit between Presidents Joe Biden and Xi Jinping.

Both sides are widely seen as keen to stabilise relations after a turbulent few years, with the Biden administration leery of tensions descending into conflict and Xi eyeing a recovery for the world’s second-largest economy after a severe COVID-19 slump.

The path of rebuilding U.S.-China relations likely remains on track, said Zhao Tong, a senior fellow at the China office of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and a visiting researcher at Princeton University.

“The two sides still have a shared strong interest in stabilising and responsibly managing the bilateral relationship,” Zhao told Reuters.

Collin Koh, a security fellow at Singapore’s S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, predicted China would continue to respond vigorously to U.S. military reconnaissance patrols but stop short of confrontation.

Even in calmer moments, Chinese forces actively shadow U.S. military patrols, particularly at sea, amid tensions over Taiwan and the disputed South China Sea, say regional military attaches.

“Against manned platforms we might expect China to exercise restraint, but against unmanned ones it becomes more uncertain – especially if Beijing believes that it’s possible to contain fallout since it involves no crew,” Koh said.

He noted China’s seizure of a U.S. underwater glider deployed by an oceanographic research ship off the Philippines in December 2016. The Chinese navy later returned it to a U.S. warship.

Christopher Twomey, a security scholar at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in California, said any Chinese response would be limited.

“I’d expect they’d protest moderately but hope to sweep this under the rug and reinstate progress on senior-level visits within months,” Twomey said, speaking in a private capacity.

Zhu Feng, executive dean of the School of International Studies at Nanjing University, said U.S. officials should stop “hyping” events to ensure a smooth return to the normalised communications they earlier requested from Beijing.

Zhu expressed hope “the two governments can turn the page as soon as possible so that Sino-U.S. relations can return to an institutionalised channel of communication and dialogue”.

Some analysts are watching Chinese state media and online activity for hints at any clamour for a tougher response, as China’s mainstream state media have stuck to reporting official statements.

On China’s heavily censored social media, there was little evidence that nationalistic anger was being stirred up over the incident, with many netizens asking what the fuss was over one balloon.

“Now, China can retire its satellites!,” one user joked.

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Sixteen Hong Kong pro-democracy figures face trial on Monday, more than two years after their arrest, in what some observers say is a landmark case for the city’s judicial independence under a national security law imposed by Beijing.

The defendants are those who pleaded not guilty out of 47 arrested in a dawn raid in January 2021 and charged with conspiracy to commit subversion for participating in an unofficial primary election in 2020.

Thirteen of those arrested were granted bail in 2021, while the other 34 – including 10 who pleaded not guilty – have been in pre-trial custody on national security grounds.

Western governments have criticised the 2020 national security law as a tool to crush dissent in the former British colony. Chinese and Hong Kong authorities say the law, which punishes subversion, collusion with foreign forces and terrorism with up to life in prison, has brought stability to the Asian financial hub after huge pro-democracy protests in 2019.

Prosecutors have described the primary election – held to select the strongest candidates to contest an upcoming legislative election – as a “vicious plot” to subvert the government and to wreak “mutual destruction” on the city by taking control of the city’s parliament.

The lengthy, high-profile case has drawn international criticism, as government prosecutors repeatedly requested more time to prepare legal documents and gather more evidence.

“This trial is not simply a trial against the 47 opposition leaders but also a trial for the population who has been supporting the pro-democracy movement for decades,” Eric Lai, a fellow at Georgetown Center for Asian Law in Washington, told Reuters.

The trial is expected to last 90 days, with three defendants expected to testify against the others, prosecutors say.

Those who have pleaded not guilty include former journalist Gwyneth Ho, activist Owen Chow, former lawmaker Leung Kwok-hung, and labour unionist Winnie Yu.

“The actual people who need to go on trial are absolutely not us,” Chow wrote on his Facebook page in September. “We’re not guilty at all.”

The 31 who pleaded guilty, including former law professor Benny Tai and activist Joshua Wong, will be sentenced after the trial.

Among a number of departures from established common law procedures, Secretary for Justice Paul Lam refused the defendants a jury trial. The case will be heard by three High Court judges designated under the national security law: Andrew Chan, Alex Lee and Johnny Chan.

Pretrial proceedings were largely kept out of the public eye until Judge Lee agreed to lift reporting restrictions in August.

In 2022, the Pew Research Center did a survey of nearly 12,000 journalists in the United States. There were all sorts of questions asked, from whether they were satisfied with their jobs (seven in ten were) to whether their jobs had a positive impact on their emotional well-being (about half said yes.)

But there were also some darker responses. Journalists were asked to describe their industry with one single word. And stunningly, nearly three-quarters (72 percent) used a word with negative connotations:

“Struggling.”

“Chaos.”

“Stressful.”

Those were but a few.

There is a lot more to this survey, but I’d like to focus on this aspect. Because I believe it helps us to understand some of the games that many journalists and pundits play and why those games are about to get even more chaotic.

The reason I say this is because Donald John Trump is about to get indicted. For years the talking points of many pundits have been IF and not WHEN Trump is indicted.

This lamenting, this worrying has worked for many pundits in that it got many eyes to fearfully focus on the TV screens, as some pundits succeeded in scaring the heck out of their viewers with their “what if he gets away with it” bloviating.

Only now, it appears Trump has gotten away with nothing. And that scares some pundits because they will have to change the way they break down the news. In actuality, it has already begun.

The other evening I witnessed one pundit solemnly tell their viewers that an imminent indictment is bad news for the Democrats.

It is bad news, this pundit mused, because now Trump will gain the nomination! He’ll become a hero, and all Republicans will rally around him.

This, of course, is baloney but think about this survey. Think about the words used to describe their business.

“Chaotic.” “Stressful.” Many have an idea that pundits have it easy, that they sit with blindingly toothpaste-white smiles, pampered by loving producers as they speak to their audiences.

In reality, it’s a hard business. There is always competition, and pundits must do whatever works. And sometimes what works for them may not work for their viewers — or help these viewers.

So be aware. The walls have started to close in a bit on some pundits, and you are going to hear some insane hypotheses in the upcoming weeks. Take it with a grain of salt, and don’t let them fill you with the same chaos and stress that many of them are swimming in.

The post What the media still can’t get right about Donald Trump’s downfall appeared first on Palmer Report.